Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded

.hide-partial { max-height: none; } .show-more { display: none; }

RDE Ceramic Capacitors

Murata Electronics RDE Ceramic Capacitors feature a small size and large capacitance, making them ideal for flow soldering. The devices offer low ESR that allows for use at high frequencies. They operate from a 25V_DC to 1000V_DC voltage range and 1pF to 47µF capacitance range. Murata Electronics RDE Ceramic Capacitors are suitable for general electronic equipment.

.catnav-wrapper { height: auto; overflow: visible; } .catalog-nav-tabs ul { white-space: normal; }

Results: 1.226

Applied Filters:

Termination Style

Capacitance

Voltage Rating DC

Dielectric

Tolerance

Lead Spacing

Case Style

Minimum Operating Temperature

Maximum Operating Temperature

Product

Length

Width

Height

Packaging

Reset All

Search within results

In Stock

Normally Stocked

Active

New Products

RoHS Compliant

.search-refine-wrapper { display: inline-block; min-width: 100%; } .scroll-body { overflow-x: visible; } .search-table-wrapper { overflow: visible; } .hide-partial { max-height: none; } .show-more { display: none; }

Image	Part #	Mfr.	Description	Datasheet	Availability	Pricing (EUR) Filter the results in the table by unit price based on your quantity.	Qty.	Series	Termination Style	Capacitance	Voltage Rating DC	Dielectric	Tolerance	Lead Spacing	Case Style	Minimum Operating Temperature	Maximum Operating Temperature	Product	Length	Width	Height	Packaging
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 22PF 50V 5% 5.0MM RDE5C1H220J0K1H03B Murata Electronics 1: 0,482 € 831In Stock 1.500Expected 4/13/2027	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H220J0K1H03B Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H220J0K1H3B	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 22PF 50V 5% 5.0MM Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	831In Stock 1.500Expected 4/13/2027	0,482 € 0,222 € 0,199 € 0,16 € 0,144 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1	RDE	Radial	22 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	4 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Bulk
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 22PF 50V 5% 5.0MM RDE5C1H220J0M1H03A Murata Electronics 1: 0,49 € 3.960In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H220J0M1H03A Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H220J0M1H3A	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 22PF 50V 5% 5.0MM Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	3.960In Stock	0,49 € 0,225 € 0,202 € 0,163 € Reel 0,131 € View 0,162 € 0,12 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 : 2.000	RDE	Radial	22 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	4 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Ammo Pack
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 22PF 50V 5% 2.5MM RDE5C1H220J0P1H03B Murata Electronics 1: 0,456 € 1.682In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H220J0P1H03B Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H220J0P1H3B	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 22PF 50V 5% 2.5MM Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	1.682In Stock	0,456 € 0,209 € 0,187 € 0,175 € View 0,161 € 0,138 € 0,132 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1	RDE	Radial	22 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	2.5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	5 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Bulk
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 2.5 +0.4/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 22pF +/- 5% RDE5C1H220J0S1H03A Murata Electronics 1: 0,533 € 2.831In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H220J0S1H03A Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H220J0S1H3A	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 2.5 +0.4/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 22pF +/- 5% Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	2.831In Stock	0,533 € 0,271 € 0,218 € 0,176 € Reel 0,153 € View 0,167 € 0,12 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 : 2.000	RDE	Radial	22 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	2.5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	5 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Ammo Pack
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 220PF 50V 5% 5.0MM RDE5C1H221J0K1H03B Murata Electronics 1: 0,456 € 725In Stock 1.000Expected 1/21/2027	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H221J0K1H03B Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H221J0K1H3B	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 220PF 50V 5% 5.0MM Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	725In Stock 1.000Expected 1/21/2027	0,456 € 0,218 € 0,195 € 0,149 € View 0,144 € 0,141 € 0,138 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1	RDE	Radial	220 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	4 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Bulk
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 5.0 +0.6/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 220pF +/- 5% RDE5C1H221J0M1H03A Murata Electronics 1: 0,482 € 5.276In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H221J0M1H03A Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H221J0M1H3A	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 5.0 +0.6/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 220pF +/- 5% Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	5.276In Stock	0,482 € 0,221 € 0,199 € 0,16 € Reel 0,128 € View 0,157 € 0,117 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 : 2.000	RDE	Radial	220 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	4 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Ammo Pack
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 220PF 50V 5% 2.5MM RDE5C1H221J0P1H03B Murata Electronics 1: 0,43 € 898In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H221J0P1H03B Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H221J0P1H3B	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 220PF 50V 5% 2.5MM Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	898In Stock	0,43 € 0,206 € 0,181 € 0,164 € View 0,152 € 0,119 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1	RDE	Radial	220 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	2.5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	5 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Bulk
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 2.5 +0.4/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 220pF +/- 5% RDE5C1H221J0S1H03A Murata Electronics 1: 0,482 € 817In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H221J0S1H03A Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H221J0S1H3A	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 2.5 +0.4/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 220pF +/- 5% Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	817In Stock	0,482 € 0,221 € 0,199 € 0,16 € Reel 0,128 € View 0,157 € 0,117 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 : 2.000	RDE	Radial	220 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	2.5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	5 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Ammo Pack
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 2200PF 50V 5% 5.0MM RDE5C1H222J0K1H03B Murata Electronics 1: 0,447 € 924In Stock 1.000Expected 1/4/2027	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H222J0K1H03B Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H222J0K1H3B	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 2200PF 50V 5% 5.0MM Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	924In Stock 1.000Expected 1/4/2027	Cut Tape 0,447 € 0,208 € 0,187 € Reel 0,174 € 0,16 € 0,149 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 : 500	RDE	Radial	2.2 nF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	4 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Reel, Cut Tape
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 5.0 +0.6/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 2200pF +/- 5% RDE5C1H222J0M1H03A Murata Electronics 1: 0,49 € 2.855In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H222J0M1H03A Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H222J0M1H3A	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 5.0 +0.6/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 2200pF +/- 5% Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	2.855In Stock	0,49 € 0,224 € 0,201 € 0,163 € Reel 0,148 € View 0,16 € 0,119 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 : 2.000	RDE	Radial	2.2 nF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	4 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Ammo Pack
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded RDE5C1H222J0P1H03B Murata Electronics 1: 0,456 € 171In Stock 1.000On Order	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H222J0P1H03B Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H222J0P1H3B	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	171In Stock 1.000On Order	0,456 € 0,208 € 0,187 € 0,151 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 Max.: 1.500	RDE	Radial	2.2 nF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	2.5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	5 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Bulk
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 2.5 +0.4/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 2200pF +/- 5% RDE5C1H222J0S1H03A Murata Electronics 1: 0,49 € 1.340In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H222J0S1H03A Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H222J0S1H3A	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 2.5 +0.4/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 2200pF +/- 5% Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	1.340In Stock	0,49 € 0,224 € 0,20 € 0,163 € Reel 0,13 € View 0,16 € 0,119 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 : 2.000	RDE	Radial	2.2 nF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	2.5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	5 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Ammo Pack
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded RDE5C1H223J1K1H03B Murata Electronics 1: 0,679 € 3.774In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H223J1K1H03B Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H223J1K1H3B	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	3.774In Stock	0,679 € 0,329 € 0,298 € 0,245 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 Max.: 500	RDE	Radial	22 nF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	4.5 mm	3.15 mm	3.5 mm	Bulk
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 2.5 +0.4/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 22000pF +/- 5% RDE5C1H223J1S1H03A Murata Electronics 1: 0,679 € 1.357In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H223J1S1H03A Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H223J1S1H3A	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 2.5 +0.4/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 22000pF +/- 5% Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	1.357In Stock	0,679 € 0,329 € 0,298 € 0,246 € Reel 0,228 € View 0,22 € 0,197 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 : 2.000	RDE	Radial	22 nF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	2.5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	5 mm	3.15 mm	3.5 mm	Ammo Pack
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded RDE5C1H270J0K1H03B Murata Electronics 1: 0,533 € 60In Stock 1.000Expected 1/19/2027	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H270J0K1H03B Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H270J0K1H3B	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	60In Stock 1.000Expected 1/19/2027	0,533 € 0,35 € 0,218 € 0,176 € View 0,162 € 0,152 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1	RDE	Radial	27 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	4 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Bulk
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 5.0 +0.6/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 27pF +/- 5% RDE5C1H270J0M1H03A Murata Electronics 1: 0,49 € 698In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H270J0M1H03A Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H270J0M1H3A	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 5.0 +0.6/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 27pF +/- 5% Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	698In Stock	0,49 € 0,224 € 0,202 € 0,163 € Reel 0,131 € View 0,161 € 0,119 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 : 2.000	RDE	Radial	27 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	4 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Ammo Pack
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded RDE5C1H270J0P1H03B Murata Electronics 1: 0,456 € 731In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H270J0P1H03B Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H270J0P1H3B	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	731In Stock	0,456 € 0,209 € 0,187 € 0,175 € View 0,148 € 0,142 € 0,133 € 0,131 € 0,129 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1	RDE	Radial	27 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	2.5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	5 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Bulk
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 2.5 +0.4/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 27pF +/- 5% RDE5C1H270J0S1H03A Murata Electronics 1: 0,49 € 2.430In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H270J0S1H03A Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H270J0S1H3A	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 2.5 +0.4/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 27pF +/- 5% Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	2.430In Stock	0,49 € 0,224 € 0,201 € 0,163 € Reel 0,13 € View 0,161 € 0,119 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 : 2.000	RDE	Radial	27 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	2.5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	5 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Ammo Pack
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 270PF 50V 5% 5.0MM RDE5C1H271J0K1H03B Murata Electronics 1: 0,456 € 464In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H271J0K1H03B Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H271J0K1H3B	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 270PF 50V 5% 5.0MM Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	464In Stock	0,456 € 0,209 € 0,187 € 0,141 € View 0,137 € 0,132 € 0,127 € 0,126 € 0,124 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1	RDE	Radial	270 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	4 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Bulk
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded RDE5C1H271J0P1H03B Murata Electronics 1: 0,533 € 1.029In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H271J0P1H03B Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H271J0P1H3B	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	1.029In Stock	0,533 € 0,25 € 0,187 € 0,151 € View 0,145 € 0,14 € 0,133 € 0,131 € 0,13 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1	RDE	Radial	270 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	2.5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	5 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Bulk
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 2.5 +0.4/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 270pF +/- 5% RDE5C1H271J0S1H03A Murata Electronics 1: 0,533 € 104In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H271J0S1H03A Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H271J0S1H3A	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 2.5 +0.4/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 270pF +/- 5% Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	104In Stock	0,533 € 0,349 € 0,218 € 0,175 € Reel 0,149 € View 0,163 € 0,133 € 0,126 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 : 2.000	RDE	Radial	270 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	2.5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	5 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Ammo Pack
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 5.0 +0.6/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 2700pF +/- 5% RDE5C1H272J0M1H03A Murata Electronics 1: 0,49 € 1.167In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H272J0M1H03A Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H272J0M1H3A	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 5.0 +0.6/-0.2mm C0G (EIA) 50Vdc 2700pF +/- 5% Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	1.167In Stock	0,49 € 0,226 € 0,203 € 0,164 € Reel 0,132 € View 0,163 € 0,12 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 : 2.000	RDE	Radial	2.7 nF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	4 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Ammo Pack
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded RDE5C1H272J0P1H03B Murata Electronics 1: 0,456 € 879In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H272J0P1H03B Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H272J0P1H3B	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	879In Stock	0,456 € 0,21 € 0,188 € 0,176 € View 0,146 € 0,141 € 0,135 € 0,131 € 0,126 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1	RDE	Radial	2.7 nF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	2.5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	5 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Bulk
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded RDE5C1H273J2M1H03A Murata Electronics 1: 0,679 € 3.229In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H273J2M1H03A Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H273J2M1H3A	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	3.229In Stock	0,679 € 0,327 € 0,296 € 0,243 € Reel 0,198 € View 0,239 € 0,183 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 : 2.000	RDE	Radial	27 nF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	5 %	5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	5.5 mm	3.15 mm	4 mm	Ammo Pack
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded RDE5C1H2R0C0K1H03B Murata Electronics 1: 0,456 € 437In Stock	Mfr. Part No. RDE5C1H2R0C0K1H03B Mouser Part No 81-RDE5C1H2R0C0K1H3B	Murata Electronics	Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded Learn More about Murata Electronics murata rde ceramic capacitors	Datasheet	437In Stock	0,456 € 0,209 € 0,187 € 0,151 € 0,145 €	Min.: 1 Mult.: 1 Max.: 1.500	RDE	Radial	2 pF	50 VDC	C0G (NP0)	0.25 pF	5 mm	Monolithic	- 55 C	+ 125 C	General Type MLCCs	4 mm	2.5 mm	3.5 mm	Bulk